Indirect evaporative cooling for buildings: A comprehensive patents review

Indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) is an eco-friendly technology that has the potential to reduce energy consumption by 4 times compared with conventional air conditioning (AC) systems. However, IEC not been widely used due operational limitations in humid environments and water availability arid environments. Many patents related have granted past decades, aiming make breakthrough innovations. This article reviews discusses published a chronological order presents different configurations of devices. It standards evaluation parameters utilized characterize performance Additionally, current research gaps are identified, outlook this highlighted. review shows convective heat transfer on dry side exchangers generally limiting factor how small devices can be constructed. One main factors negatively affect capacity non-uniform wettability wet channel surface. With recent development, share AC market will increase noticeably next carbon footprint building sector.